Starting the new general ledger accounting.

1. Activate the New General Ledger Accounting by a single click on the clock icon 

2. You will reach to change view "activation of New GL A/cg" detail screen and tick the checkbox and save. 

3.  After activation of New General Ledger Accounting, you exit the IMG screen When you re-enter , you find that a new node is added Financial Accounting (New)

4. After activation of New General Ledger Accounting , a new sub node appears in the IMG structure.
This sub node is Define Segment
The menu path is:
SAP Customizing IMG ---> Enterprise Structure -----> Definition ---> Financial Accounting ---> Define Segment
In this IMG activity, you define your segments.
If you then define your profit centers, you can enter an associated segment in the master record of a profit center. The segment is then derived from the assigned profit center during posting.

5. Activation has created a new field in Profit Center Master Record : the SEGMENT

6. Leading and Non- Leading Ledgers
In General Ledger Accounting , you can use several Ledgers in parallel. This allows you to produce financial statements according to different accounting principles. A ledger uses several dimensions from the totals table it is based upon. When defining Ledgers , one must be defined as the Leading Ledger . The Leading Ledger is based on the same accounting principles as that of the consolidated financial statements. It is integrated with all subsidiary ledgers and is updated in all company codes. This means that it is automatically assigned to all company codes. In each company code, the Leading Ledger receives exactly the same settings that apply to that company code : the currencies, the fiscal year variant and posting period variant.
You must designate one of your ledgers as the Leading Ledger. It is not possible to designate more than one ledger as the leading ledger.
The menu path is :
SAP Customizing IMG ----> Financial Accounting ( New ) ------> Financial Accounting Basic Settings (New) ------> Ledgers -----> Ledger ------> Define Ledgers for General Ledger Accounting 
Clicking on the checkbox identifies one of your ledgers as the Leading Ledger.

7. Activation of Non Leading Ledgers
Non Leading Ledgers are parallel ledgers to the Leading Ledger . They can be based on local accounting principle, for example. You have to activate a non- Leading Ledger for individual company codes. Non- Leading Ledgers can have different fiscal year variants and posting period variants per company code to the Leading Ledger of this company code.
The menu path is :
SAP Customizing IMG ----> Financial Accounting ( New ) ------> Financial Accounting Basic Settings (New) ------> Ledgers -----> Ledger ------> Define and Activate Non –Leading Ledgers

8. Assign scenarios to ledgers
A Scenario combines Customizing settings from different business views. Each business view specifies which posting data is transferred from different application components in General Ledger Accounting, such as cost Center update or Profit Center update .You assign the desired scenarios to your ledgers. For each ledger, you define which fields are filled with posting data from other application components.
SAP delivers a number of scenarios in the standard system. It is not possible to create additional scenarios.
The menu path is:
SAP Customizing IMG -----> Financial Accounting ( New ) ------> Financial Accounting Basic Settings (New) ------> Ledgers ----->Fields ------> Display Scenarios for General Ledger Accounting.

9. Cost of sales accounting
Cost of sales accounting is a way to create a profit and loss statement (P&L) for a company by comparing the revenues to the costs or expenses incurred to obtain these revenues.
The expenses are mainly divided by functional area such as:
Manufacturing
Administration
Sales
Research and Development
We can activate Cost of Sales Accounting by the following menu path : 
SAP Customizing IMG -----> Financial Accounting ( New ) ------> Financial Accounting Basic Settings (New) ------> Ledgers ----->Ledger------> Activate Cost of Sales Accounting

SAP FICO Reference Books:
SAP Financial and Controlling Interview Questions, Certification and Configuration Books

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SAP Controlling

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